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书画之后怎样保存呢?

发布时间:2022-06-08 作者:大雅堂美术馆 文章来源:https://www.jndyt888.com/ 浏览量:0

书画一般是用宣纸、绢、绫、帛等作底,自然是娇贵,所以书画就像人体一样,同样需要保养,假如不注意保养,气候更替、阳光紫外线照耀、虫蛀、发霉、受潮、水浸等都会影响书画的寿数。因此我们进行书画之后如何保存是比较重要的。
Calligraphy and painting are usually based on rice paper, silk, damask, silk, etc. naturally, they are delicate. Therefore, calligraphy and painting, like the human body, also need maintenance. If you do not pay attention to maintenance, climate change, sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, moth eaten, moldy, damp, water immersion, etc. will affect the longevity of calligraphy and painting. Therefore, it is very important for us to save the painting and calligraphy after trading.
注意温度和湿度,书画关于温度、湿度要求非常高,一般温度在14摄氏度-15摄氏度,湿度在50度-55度之间为宜,要避免温、湿度过高而引起着作质地变脆、发霉、生虫、颜色与墨迹脱落等问题。要定期查看藏品状况,尤其是盛夏、雨季和冬天供暖期,要及时发现问题。
Pay attention to temperature and humidity. The requirements for temperature and humidity in calligraphy and painting are very high. Generally, the temperature is between 14 ° C and 15 ° C, and the humidity is between 50 ° C and 55 ° C. problems such as brittle texture, mildew, insects, color and ink falling off caused by too high temperature and humidity should be avoided. Check the condition of the collection regularly, especially in midsummer, rainy season and winter heating period, and find problems in time.
除尘避光,由于现在的环境污染比较严峻,挂出来的字画要及时除尘。除尘时,用电吹风的冷风与画面成30度角,坚持10~15厘米的间隔从右到左扫一遍,或许直接用鸡毛掸悄悄扫一下也行。光是对画影响比较大的自然因素,特别是紫外光,它可使画面颜料蜕变,导致纸质变化。因而,挂画时不能接近窗户,避免太阳光直接照耀画面。灯泡或日光灯也应与字画坚持1米以上的间隔,并选用低功率灯光源。
Dust removal and light avoidance. As the current environmental pollution is severe, the calligraphy and paintings hanging out should be removed in time. When removing dust, use the cold air of the hair dryer to form a 30 degree angle with the picture, and sweep it from right to left at an interval of 10~15 cm. Maybe it is OK to sweep it silently with a feather duster. Light is a natural factor that has a great impact on painting, especially ultraviolet light, which can make the paint of the picture degenerate and lead to the change of paper. Therefore, when hanging pictures, you can't get close to the window to avoid direct sunlight shining on the picture. The light bulb or fluorescent lamp shall also be kept at a distance of more than 1m from the calligraphy and painting, and low-power light source shall be selected.
不宜常年悬挂,赏识是书画的主要功能之一,可是书画裱件不宜常年悬挂,应挂一个时期,卷起寄存一个时期。尤其古旧书画或当今名迹更是如此。雨季湿气太大,冬天室内生有取暖炉或装有暖气设备,在这种条件下悬挂书画都易使书画质地加速老化,影响其寿数。反之,书画裱件也不可长时间寄存,有经历的保藏家将所藏书画轮流进行悬挂,便是这个道理。
It should not be hung all the year round. Appreciation is one of the main functions of calligraphy and painting. However, the mounting pieces of calligraphy and painting should not be hung all the year round. They should be hung for a period of time and rolled up for storage. This is especially true of ancient calligraphy and painting or today's famous works. In the rainy season, the humidity is too high. In winter, there is a heating furnace or heating equipment in the room. Under this condition, the hanging of calligraphy and painting is easy to accelerate the aging of the texture of calligraphy and painting and affect their longevity. On the contrary, calligraphy and painting mounting pieces cannot be stored for a long time. Experienced collectors hang their calligraphy and painting in turn, which is the reason.
挂展过的字画在入藏前,必定要做好清洁作业。用丝绸质料的织物悄悄拂拭比较好,掸去字画外表的灰尘,避免把灰尘卷进字画轴头中发霉而污染纸面。卷字画时,要先松后紧,先松松卷起后,再慢慢旋转轴头,把字画卷紧卷实,然后用带捆扎。没有裱过的字画,在干燥气候中折叠好装入塑料薄膜口袋中,也是一种比较简便易行的保存法。
The displayed calligraphy and paintings must be cleaned before entering Tibet. It is better to wipe the silk fabric quietly to remove the dust on the surface of the calligraphy and painting, so as to prevent the dust from getting moldy in the spindle head of the calligraphy and painting and polluting the paper. When rolling calligraphy and paintings, loosen them first and then tighten them. After loosening and rolling them up, slowly rotate the spindle head to roll the calligraphy and paintings tightly and firmly, and then bind them with belts. It is also a relatively simple and easy way to preserve calligraphy and paintings that have not been mounted, which can be folded in a dry climate and put into a plastic film pocket.
贮藏字画的柜子、箱子,密封性能要好,在箱子的四角,要放几块樟脑精,一般不必樟脑丸。字画用牛皮纸包好保藏,在空气湿度大的气候,不要开启箱、柜,更不要翻开字画。关于已经残损严峻的字画,保藏者应当及时找人士修补或揭裱。书画一般不宜托芯寄存。因书画一经托芯,便添加了其厚度和硬度,假如再时常舒展赏识,易使书画幅面粗糙或呈现折痕,影响书画的寿数,且给日后的装裱造成困难,严峻的还需要揭裱,添加装裱费用。
The cabinets and boxes for storing calligraphy and paintings have good sealing performance. A few pieces of camphor essence should be placed at the four corners of the box. Generally, camphor pills are not necessary. Calligraphy and paintings should be wrapped in kraft paper for preservation. In a humid climate, do not open boxes and cabinets, and do not open calligraphy and paintings. As for the seriously damaged calligraphy and paintings, the conservator shall timely find someone to repair or uncover and mount them. Calligraphy and painting are generally not suitable for core storage. Once the calligraphy and painting is supported by the core, its thickness and hardness are added. If the calligraphy and painting are often appreciated, it is easy to make the format of the calligraphy and painting rough or present creases, which will affect the longevity of the calligraphy and painting, and cause difficulties for future mounting. If it is serious, it is necessary to uncover the mounting and add mounting costs.
关于书画装裱仍是不装裱更便于保藏这一问题,具体情况应作具体分析。保藏书画的意图之一是赏识,而只有装裱好的书画才能更好地赏识。可是假如保藏者所存书画的量较大,逐个进行装裱,寄存便有困难。这种情况,可选一部分供赏识的进行装裱,其他的作为纯藏品,仍是不装裱更便于寄存。但是不装裱便于寄存只是相对而言,在几十年内,未装裱的书画假如保管得当,应比通过装裱的书画保存作用更好一些。可是从长时间传世这一意图动身,仍是书画裱件比书画芯更耐损、耐久。
As for the problem that it is more convenient to preserve calligraphy and paintings whether they are mounted or not, the specific situation should be analyzed in detail. One of the purposes of preserving calligraphy and paintings is to appreciate them. Only well mounted calligraphy and paintings can be better appreciated. However, if the amount of calligraphy and paintings deposited by the collector is large, it will be difficult to deposit them if they are mounted one by one. In this case, some of them can be mounted for appreciation, while others, as pure collections, are still easier to deposit without mounting. But it is relatively easy to deposit without mounting. In a few decades, if the unframed paintings and calligraphy are properly kept, they should be better preserved than the mounted paintings and calligraphy. However, from the intention of being handed down for a long time, the calligraphy and painting mounting pieces are still more damage resistant and durable than the calligraphy and painting cores.
有些书画纸质地是拉力脆弱的竹料纸,或非常薄的棉连纸,或胶矾过大的熟纸、熟绢及其他笺纸类,这些书画芯非常容易残缺或折裂,故不可久存,应及早装裱是为上策。
Some calligraphy and painting paper is bamboo paper with weak tension, or very thin cotton paper, or cooked paper, cooked silk and other paper types with too large glue alum. These calligraphy and painting cores are very easy to be damaged or broken, so they cannot be stored for a long time. It is the best policy to mount them as soon as possible.
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