字画是作于纸和帛之上的，帛的寿命一般百年左右，纸的寿命约在千年之内。名人字画回收人员提醒您，出土文物中的纸帛由于地下埋葬环境的不同，仍可能超越千年。

Calligraphy and painting are made on paper and silk, and the lifespan of silk is generally around a hundred years, while the lifespan of paper is within a thousand years. Celebrity calligraphy and painting recycling personnel remind you that the paper and silk in unearthed cultural relics may still exceed a thousand years due to different underground burial environments.

例如绢帛在晋唐之前是单丝织成，直到宋代才发现双丝织成的绢帛，比元明时期的绢显得细密。

For example, silk was woven from single silk before the Jin and Tang dynasties, and it was not until the Song Dynasty that silk woven from double silk was found to be finer and denser than silk from the Yuan and Ming dynasties.

由绢的质量类别可以断定字画年代。纸，也有时代痕迹。隋唐之前，纸以麻料作原料，显得纤维较租，纸张不够细洁;隋唐之后，树皮被用来造纸，其纸质就比以前精细;北宋中期后，造纸原料多样化，纸质也呈现多样化了。

The quality category of silk can determine the era of calligraphy and painting. Paper also has traces of the times. Before the Sui and Tang dynasties, paper was made of hemp material, which made it appear that the fibers were more expensive and the paper was not fine and clean enough; After the Sui and Tang dynasties, tree bark was used for papermaking, and its paper was finer than before; After the mid Northern Song Dynasty, the raw materials for papermaking were diversified, and paper also showed diversification.

实际上，民间收藏的字画仅以明清以后时期多见，这是因为纸、绢本身难于历经数百年保存的缘故。再加上造伪者的混淆，所以有人认为古字画中相当部分是鱼目混珠。

In fact, folk collections of calligraphy and painting are only common after the Ming and Qing dynasties, because paper and silk themselves are difficult to preserve over hundreds of years. Coupled with the confusion caused by counterfeiters, some people believe that a considerable portion of ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting is a mixture of fish and eyes.

此外各个时代装横有其特色。如元代宫廷藏画选择专人装裱，大德四年“以古玉象牙为轴，以鸾鹊木锦碧天续为装核”。明代书画则在书画卷增加了引首，有的还被写上了字，立轴有宽边、窄边之分，有的还加了诗堂。清代宫廷书画的装核用料和技术形式都胜于明代，显得更为讲究。

In addition, the costumes of various eras have their own characteristics. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court chose a dedicated person to frame the paintings. In the fourth year of Dade, "ancient jade and ivory were used as the axis, and Luan Que, wood, brocade, and blue sky were used as the core for decoration. In Ming Dynasty calligraphy and painting, an introduction was added to the scrolls, and some were even written with characters. The vertical axis was divided into wide and narrow edges, and some even added poetry halls. The materials and technical forms used for the decoration of court calligraphy and painting in the Qing Dynasty were superior to those in the Ming Dynasty, making them more exquisite.

另外宋代字画作品许多不上印章，部分上盖铜印与玉印，印色有密印和水樱元代印章质料有木、象牙、铜、玉等，印色为油印和水樱元代自王冕始用石料印章。

In addition, many calligraphy and painting works of the Song Dynasty do not have seals, and some are covered with copper and jade seals. The printing colors include close seals and water cherry Yuan Dynasty seals made of wood, ivory, copper, jade, etc. The printing colors are oil seals and water cherry Yuan Dynasty seals made of stone since Wang Mian.

明代石料印章普遍，篆文刻法采用“锤头式”，使用大多是油樱清代印章形状、字体、字形均呈多样化，印色为油质。画中人物衣服与生活用具的鉴别各个年代冠服往往不同，生活用具也有差别，可以据以鉴别。

During the Ming Dynasty, stone seals were common, and the seal carving method used the "hammer head style". Most of the seals were made of oil Sakura. During the Qing Dynasty, the shapes, fonts, and shapes of the seals were diverse, and the printing colors were made of oil. The identification of clothing and daily necessities of the characters in the painting often varies from era to era, and daily necessities also vary, which can be used for identification.

名人字画回收之纸、帛的鉴别以及其他方面的鉴别相关内容就讲解到这里了，希望能够给您好的帮助，更多事项就来我们网站https://www.jndyt888.com咨询！

That's all for the identification of paper, silk, and other related aspects of celebrity calligraphy and painting recycling. We hope it can be helpful to you. For more information, please come to our website https://www.jndyt888.com consulting service