In the collection of calligraphy and painting, personal appreciation ability can distinguish the authenticity of calligraphy and painting for themselves. The so-called appreciation is not a metaphysics. Appreciation is to study and compare, find out the creative style of calligraphers and painters, the laws of different faces in different periods, and the truth of judging truth and falsehood, so as to know the law of counterfeiters. Today, after learning, Xiaobian will tell you how to appreciate calligraphy and painting

鉴赏书画的方法：书画知识

The method of appreciating calligraphy and painting: calligraphy and painting knowledge

真正的收藏者，必须要有自己的鉴赏能力，才能够藏有所获，买到赝品的风险就会降低。鉴定经验主要来自于实践积累，只有通过大量观看和悉心研究书画作品，才能以此来提高鉴定眼光和评判水准。对书画鉴定人员来讲，实践经验是位的，鉴定理论永远是第二位的。当然这也与鉴定家个人的文化修养和知识水平以及对美学的悟性有很大关系。没有亲眼观摩过大量书画作品，不对书画作品本身进行深入研究，不真正进入市场参与实战，没有交过学费的经历，没有 吃过赝品之害的苦头，仅仅凭鉴定理论着作等书本知识作鉴定的人，肯定不是一个合格的鉴定家。

Real collectors must have their own appreciation ability to collect what they have gained, and the risk of buying fakes will be reduced. The appraisal experience mainly comes from the accumulation of practice. Only by watching a large number of calligraphy and painting works and studying them carefully can we improve the appraisal vision and evaluation level. For calligraphy and painting appraisers, practical experience is the first, and appraisal theory is always the second. Of course, this is also closely related to the appraiser's personal cultural cultivation, knowledge level and aesthetic understanding. A person who has not witnessed a large number of calligraphy and painting works, has not conducted in-depth research on the calligraphy and painting works themselves, has not really entered the market to participate in actual combat, has not paid tuition fees, has not suffered from the harm of counterfeits, and is definitely not a qualified appraiser only based on book knowledge such as appraisal theory works.

鉴赏书画的方法：辨伪

The method of appreciating calligraphy and painting: distinguishing the false

知假识伪

Knowing false and recognizing false

为了少走弯路，吸收前人经验，充分了解历代主要作伪方法必不可少。书画作伪的传统方法概括起来，主要有摹、临、仿、改、造、代六种。通俗简略的讲：摹就是用透明纸、绢蒙在原作上勾写填画;临就是面对原作边看边写边 画;仿是并无原本，只凭仿者学某家的功夫靠想象写画某家之作;造是不讲时代特征，也不管个人风格，凭空伪造随意署款;改是采用增、减、裁、刮、拆、配等手 法将无款或小名家作品改成风格相近的大家之作;代则是经书画家本人同意，由其亲朋、学生所作的大名家替代品，经常有人把此类作品视同真迹。

In order to avoid detours, absorb previous experience and fully understand the main counterfeiting methods of previous dynasties, it is essential. To sum up, the traditional methods of calligraphy and painting counterfeiting mainly include imitation, temporary, imitation, modification, creation and generation. In a simple and popular way: copying is to use transparent paper and silk to cover the original work; Pro is to look at the original while writing and painting; Imitation has no original. It only depends on the imitator's Kung Fu and imagination to write and draw the works of a certain family; Making is not talking about the characteristics of the times and regardless of personal style, forging money out of thin air and signing money at will; The change is to use the methods of adding, subtracting, cutting, scraping, dismantling and matching to change the works of non money or small famous artists into works of everyone with similar styles; Dai Ze is a substitute for great masters made by his relatives, friends and students with the consent of the calligrapher himself. Such works are often regarded as authentic.

知真识伪

Know the true and know the false

书画中的真迹精品，笔墨线条一定自然流畅且富于变化，章法结构一定出奇合理且意境深远，内容饱满，题款鲜明，印章清晰。时代特征与个人风格是真实、可靠的，是书画辨伪的重要依据。纸、绢等书画重要载体中同样储存着大量时代气息，也是断代依据之一。

The authentic works in calligraphy and painting must be natural, smooth and changeable, the composition structure must be surprisingly reasonable and far-reaching, the content is full, the title is clear, and the seal is clear. The characteristics of the times and personal style are the most authentic and reliable, and are the most important basis for distinguishing fake calligraphy and painting. Paper, silk and other important carriers of calligraphy and painting also store a lot of flavor of the times, which is also one of the basis for dating.

书画家由于出身、经历、学识、修养不同，在书画技艺方面师从和所下功夫不同;也由于执笔、运笔方法不 同，即使同一题材作品所表现出的情趣、意境都会有很大差异。对于墨彩，深浅、浓淡、干湿、枯润也各有所好。书画家的个人风格具有特定性和性，独特的个 性是通过独特的笔墨、章法表现出来的，别人无论如何临仿，要完全一致很难，子女高徒概莫能外。

Calligraphers and painters have different teachers and efforts in calligraphy and painting skills due to their different backgrounds, experiences, knowledge and cultivation; Due to the different methods of writing and transporting, even the taste and artistic conception of works on the same subject will be very different. For ink color, depth, intensity, dry and wet, dry and moist also have their own advantages. The personal style of calligraphers and painters is specific and unique. Their unique personality is expressed through unique pen, ink and composition. No matter how others imitate, it is difficult to be completely consistent. It is no exception for their children.

鉴赏书画的方法：懂得评估

The method of appreciating calligraphy and painting: know how to evaluate

书画的一般来说书画的由以下几个因素决定：

Generally speaking, the price of calligraphy and painting is determined by the following factors:

1、书画的艺术水平。例如艺术水平久负盛名的大书画家，总要比小有成就的画家的书画高。

1. The artistic level of calligraphy and painting. For example, a great calligrapher with a long-standing reputation for his artistic level is always more expensive than a small accomplished painter.

2、书画的性。高水平书画艺术家的作品传世越少越贵，所谓黄金有价艺无价就是这个道理。

2. The rarity of calligraphy and painting. The works of high-level calligraphy and painting artists are less and more expensive. This is the reason why gold is valuable and art is priceless.

3.、书画所处的社会状态。书画处在经济繁荣的社会状态时就高，反之就便宜。收藏者综合状态好时就比不好时要价高得多。

3. The social state of calligraphy and painting. Calligraphy and painting are high when they are in a social state of economic prosperity, otherwise they are cheap. The price of collectors in good condition is much higher than that in bad condition.

4、书画作品本身的艺术价值和历史价值。

4. The artistic value and historical value of calligraphy and painting works themselves.

当前社会上有一种说法认为尺幅大的书画就值钱，这个论点很荒谬。买书画不是买白菜、萝卜挑个大的就好，好的 书画不一定就尺幅很大，像宋朝的扇面尺幅不大，但是艺术水平极高。有些佚名的古代书画作品由于本身的艺术价值和历史价值很高，也很值得收藏。

At present, there is a saying in society that large calligraphy and painting are valuable. This argument is absurd. Buying calligraphy and painting is not just buying cabbage and radish. A good calligraphy and painting does not necessarily have a large scale. Like the fan in the Song Dynasty, the scale is small, but the artistic level is very high. Some anonymous ancient calligraphy and painting works are also worth collecting because of their high artistic and historical value.

熟悉掌握书画艺术的发展历史。熟悉书画的发展历史，了解掌握不同时期不同作者、不同风格的代表性作品，就是为了在鉴赏书画作品中，能够把握其艺术的时代特征和个人风格特征，进而比较准确地对其创作年代、创作风格、艺术特色和艺术价值作出大致的合理判断。

Be familiar with the development history of Chinese calligraphy and painting art. To be familiar with the development history of Chinese calligraphy and painting and fully understand and master the representative works of different authors and styles in different periods is to grasp the era characteristics and personal style characteristics of their art in appreciating calligraphy and painting works, and then make a general and reasonable judgment on their creation age, creation style, artistic characteristics and artistic value.

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