How to appreciate calligraphy and painting collection

众所周知，在收藏界里，书法字画的收藏历来是一个大智慧，单单就江苏扬州而言，"堂前无字画，不是旧人家",书画收藏的历史，更是由来久矣！

As we all know, in the field of collection, the collection of calligraphy and painting has always been a great wisdom. As far as Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province is concerned, "there are no calligraphy and painting in front of the hall, not old people". The history of calligraphy and painting collection has a long history!

认为，字画鉴赏需要注意的有两个问题：

In my opinion, there are two problems that should be paid attention to in the appreciation of calligraphy and painting:

一是鉴，鉴者凭自己的眼力加以分析，包括年代、画意内容、作者身份、格式等等。其中重要的就是真伪问题。因为真伪问题在当前来说，牵涉到重大的经济价值。

First, the appraiser analyzes it with his own eyesight, including age, painting content, author identity, format and so on. One of the most important is the question of authenticity. Because at present, the issue of authenticity involves great economic value.

二是赏，即欣赏、品赏。根据自己的切身体会、生活感受来对书画作品内容、笔墨、构图、题款、印章等等加以分析评判，得出画风之高下、笔墨之优劣的结论。要准确分析评判一幅书画作品的好坏，要提前做好一些准备，认为可以从以下几个方面入手。

The second is appreciation, that is, appreciation and appreciation. According to their own personal experience and life experience, analyze and judge the content, pen and ink, composition, title, seal, etc. of calligraphy and painting works, and draw the conclusion of the height of painting style and the advantages and disadvantages of pen and ink. To accurately analyze and judge the quality of a painting and calligraphy work, we should make some preparations in advance. We think we can start from the following aspects.

1.多读书，涉猎尽量广泛。对历史、文学、建筑、美学、服饰、家具、文字等等都要有所了解，特别是美术史。认为，以社会发展史为纵轴、各个王朝为横轴，以各个朝代的着名画派、着名画家为重要节点，来扩大，了解绘画、书法的发展。作为一般人来讲，对宋元稍微深入一下，特别是明、清两朝要作为着重进行研究了解。因为对宋、元以前的作品普通人基本看不到，所谓"六朝古画已不可见",即便有其时的作品，多也是后代摹仿的。我们现在所能看到的古代书画作品多为明、清、民国的作品。

1. Read more books and cover as widely as possible. We should have an understanding of history, literature, architecture, aesthetics, clothing, furniture, writing, etc., especially the history of Chinese art. It is believed that taking the history of Chinese social development as the vertical axis, each dynasty as the horizontal axis, and the famous painting schools and famous painters of each dynasty as the important nodes, we can have a better understanding of the development of Chinese painting and calligraphy. As a general person, we should focus on the study and understanding of the song and Yuan Dynasties, especially the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because ordinary people can hardly see the works before the song and Yuan Dynasties, the so-called "ancient paintings of the Six Dynasties are no longer visible". Even if there are works at that time, most of them are imitated by future generations. Most of the ancient calligraphy and painting works we can see now are those of the Ming, Qing and Republic of China.

2.就要多看实物。所谓看实物就是要看真的东西。各地博物馆、美术馆、规模较大的拍卖会，都是一定要去的地方，所谓鉴定，就是把你脑子里某个作者的真的作品的图像、版本调出来和你眼前的作品加以比较，分判出真伪、优劣。所以开始进入你脑子里的底版非常重要。这是一个标准，标准器错了，你以后的鉴定就混乱，辨别真伪更无从谈起了。对某个书画家的创作风格、书写习惯要烂熟于心，这样就不会出错了。着名的书画鉴赏家徐邦达先生有"徐半尺"之美誉，即画打开半尺即知道作者、真伪等等，说白了，就是熟能生巧、长期磨炼的结果。

2. We should pay more attention to the real objects. The so-called look at the real thing is to look at the real thing. Museums, art galleries and large-scale auctions are all places to go. The so-called appraisal is to transfer the images and versions of the real works of an author in your mind and compare them with the works in front of you, so as to judge the authenticity, advantages and disadvantages. So it's important to start getting into your mind. This is a standard. If the standard device is wrong, your future identification will be confused, and it is impossible to distinguish the authenticity. Be familiar with the creative style and writing habits of a calligrapher and painter, so that there will be no mistakes. Mr. Xu Bangda, a famous connoisseur of calligraphy and painting, has the reputation of "Xu Banchi", that is, when the painting is opened half a chi, he knows the author, authenticity and so on. To put it bluntly, practice makes perfect and the result of long-term training.

3.多交朋友，交有真才实学之友。精通绘画、书法、文史，与之交流切磋会有收益和提高。切不可交夸夸其谈之人，或一知半解，或一孔之见，或纸上谈兵，这都会使人误入歧途，付出惨重代价。

3. Make more friends and make friends with real talent and real learning. Proficient in painting, calligraphy, literature and history, exchange and consultation with them will be beneficial and improved. We must not give it to people who talk too much, or have a little knowledge, or a little insight, or talk on paper. This will lead people astray and pay a heavy price.

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