Nowadays, calligraphy and paintings in folk collections are only common in the period after Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is because it is difficult to preserve paper and silk for hundreds of years. Coupled with the confusion of counterfeiters, some people think that a considerable part of ancient Chinese characters and paintings are fish eyes mixed with pearls. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the purchase of celebrity calligraphy and painting. The following small series to introduce the acquisition of celebrity calligraphy and painting need to identify the three elements.

一、装演鉴别

1、 Performance identification

各个时代装横有其特色。如元代宫廷藏画选择专人装裱，大德四年“以古玉象牙为轴，以鸾鹊木锦碧天续为装核”。明代书画则在书画卷增加了引首，有的还被写上了字，立轴有宽边、窄边之分，有的还加了诗堂。清代宫廷书画的装核用料和技术形式都胜于明代，显得更为讲究。

Each era has its own characteristics. For example, the palace paintings of the Yuan Dynasty were mounted by a specially assigned person. In the fourth year of Dade, "the ancient jade Ivory was used as the axis, and the Luan magpie wood brocade and Bi Tian Xu as the core.". In Ming Dynasty, the introduction was added to the volume of calligraphy and painting, some of which were written with characters. The vertical axis was divided into wide and narrow sides, and some of which were added with poetry hall. The materials and technical forms of the imperial painting and calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty were better than those in the Ming Dynasty.
                   

二、印章鉴别

2、 Seal identification

宋代字画作品许多不上印章，部分上盖铜印与玉印，印色有密印和水樱元代印章质料有木、象牙、铜、玉等，印色为油印和水樱元代自王冕始用石料印章。明代石料印章普遍，篆文刻法采用“锤头式”，使用大多是油樱清代印章形状、字体、字形均呈多样化，印色为油质。 画中人物衣服与生活用具的鉴别 各个年代冠服往往不同，生活用具也有差别，可以据以鉴别。

Many of the calligraphy and painting works in the Song Dynasty were not stamped with seals. Some of them were stamped with bronze and jade seals. The seals in the Yuan Dynasty were made of wood, ivory, copper and jade. The seals in the Yuan Dynasty were made of oil seal and Shuiying seal. Stone seals were common in the Ming Dynasty, and the "hammer head" style was adopted in seal cutting. Most of the seals were made of oil cherry. The shapes, fonts and glyphs of the seals in the Qing Dynasty were diversified, and the printing color was oily. The identification of the clothes and daily utensils of the figures in the painting is often different in different ages, and the daily utensils are also different, which can be used to identify.

三、题跋鉴别

3、 Identification of inscriptions and postscripts

题跋分三类：作者的题跋，同时代人的题跋，后人的题跋。题跋是为了增加字画的身价。但是，常见有真画配假题跋或假画配真题跋的，应仔细鉴别。特别是名家在假字画上题跋更容易使入迷。

There are three kinds of postscripts: the author's postscripts, the contemporary's postscripts and the posterity's postscripts. The postscript is to increase the value of calligraphy and painting. However, if there are real paintings with fake inscriptions and postscripts or fake paintings with real inscriptions and postscripts, they should be carefully identified. In particular, it is easier for famous artists to be fascinated by inscriptions and postscripts on fake calligraphy and paintings.

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This article is provided by purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting at a high price. For more information, please click the website: https://www.jndyt888.com .