1、 What is "final draft"?

所谓的“打底稿”，是指在山水画创作的时候，先用炭笔或淡墨线条，在空白纸上把丘壑的大概位置草草的勾画出来，到正式创作的时候，山石和林木尽量画在框定的范围内。

The so-called "final draft" refers to that when creating landscape paintings, the approximate location of the gullies is sketched on the blank paper with charcoal or light ink lines. When formally creating, the mountains, stones and trees are painted within the frame as much as possible.

这种作画方式古人有用也有不用，对于比较严谨的如人物画或工笔山水画则用之，写意山水画则不用。对于有较高的形似要求的绘画，还是采用“打底稿”的方式比较稳妥。

This way of painting was useful and unnecessary in the ancients. It was used for more rigorous paintings such as figure painting or meticulous landscape painting, and not for freehand landscape painting. For paintings with high shape similarity requirements, it is safer to adopt the method of "draft".

但要注意，采用“打底稿”的方式作画，容易陷入“描摹”的泥潭而不能自拔。说白了就是容易拘于丘壑中的“形”而忽略内心的情感，导致作品没有灵魂，时间一长，就养成一种积习，非常难以改掉。不能青天对白纸、天马行空般的创作，难以创作出“逸气横飞”之佳作。

However, it should be noted that painting in the way of "final draft" is easy to fall into the quagmire of "description". To put it bluntly, it is easy to stick to the "shape" in the gullies and ignore the inner feelings, resulting in the work without soul. Over time, it will develop a habit, which is very difficult to get rid of. It is difficult to create a good work of "flying with ease" without Qingtian's creation of white paper and wild horses.

二、如何避免“打底稿”养成的积习？以下这种方法，值得你一试。

2、 How to avoid the habit of "making final drafts"? The following method is worth trying.

山水画是写心畅神的，要求创作者胸中包藏宇宙天机，到正式落笔方可洒然落墨、兔起鹘落、气随笔运。千万不要养成“打底稿”，按部就班的创作方式。

Landscape painting is written with a smooth heart and spirit. It requires the creator to keep the secret of the universe in his chest. Only when he officially writes, can he sprinkle the ink, rise and fall of rabbits and Qi with the pen. Never form a "final draft" and step-by-step creative method.

具体该怎么做？

What exactly should I do?

“养”字诀而已，一旦你悟透了“养”字诀，你就会进入自由创作的境界，可以凭借山水画来写心畅神了。

It's just the formula of "raising". Once you understand the formula of "raising", you will enter the realm of free creation, and you can write your mind and spirit with landscape painting.

所谓的“养”字诀，其实就是厚积胸中宇宙之机，内心浩然之气。

The so-called "nourishing" formula is actually to accumulate the opportunity of the universe in your heart and the courage in your heart.

该如何着手养呢？

How to start raising?

一、精通经史子集，对画论画史烂熟于心。

1、 Proficient in classics and history, familiar with painting theory and painting history.

这一步，确实不容易，但对于喜爱和痴迷山水画的人士来说，这不是什么难事。因为他们明白，山水画是写心中的志向和自己的一种人生感悟，只有自己内心素养丰厚了，才有东西可写。对此，就一定要下功夫研究经史子集，对历代画论画史烂熟于心。

This step is indeed not easy, but it is not difficult for those who love and are obsessed with landscape painting. Only when they write landscape paintings, can they understand their own aspiration and understanding of life. In this regard, we must make great efforts to study the sub collection of classics and history, and be familiar with the painting theory and history of previous dynasties.

二、不间临池之志。

2、 It's not a dream.

山水画的创作离不开实践，只有理论没有实践，一切都是空话。

The creation of landscape painting is inseparable from practice. Only theory without practice, everything is empty talk.

而山水画的实践，要求的是不间断的、几十年如一日的训练，历代山水大家就是很好的榜样，几乎都是这样。黄公望、黄宾虹等山水大家，他们取得的成就与他们几十年如一日的临池实践是分不开的。他们的创作是不需要“打底稿”的，面对青天白纸，胸中宇宙之机，就会如雨后春笋般不断的妙笔生花，无穷无尽。

The practice of landscape painting requires continuous training for decades. People in the past dynasties are good examples, almost all of them. Huang Gongwang, Huang Binhong and other landscape masters, their achievements are inseparable from their decades of practice. Their creation does not need a "final draft". In the face of blue sky and white paper and the opportunity of the universe in their chest, they will spring up with endless wonderful pen and flowers.

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