The appearance form of calligraphy beauty

艺术作品的形式就是内容的存在方式。书法美的外观形式的构成因素与表现形态，就是运笔点画线条与结构章法的有规律的组合。

The form of works of art is the existence of content. The constituent factors and expression forms of the appearance form of the beauty of calligraphy are the regular combination of brush stroke, dotted line and structure.

1、运笔点画的形态

1. The form of brush point painting

书法以用笔为上。书法是靠运笔点画所产生的线条来组合结构、章法，书法家正是通过运笔点画来赋予线条各种美的形态：方圆粗细、曲直动静等。

Calligraphy is based on pen. Calligraphy combines the structure and composition by using the lines produced by the pen movement and stippling. It is through the pen movement and stippling that calligraphers endow the lines with various beautiful forms: the thickness of the square, the straightness, the movement and stillness, etc.

由于书法运笔的方法不同，可以使点画线条呈现出方笔、圆笔之分。方笔以“折”为使转，在书写每个字的点画线条时行笔断而复起，其收锋为“外拓”法。圆笔以“转”为使转，行笔换而不断，其收锋为“内擫”法。方笔用法如魏碑中的《张猛龙》，圆笔用法则如魏碑中的《郑文公》。而方圆并用的运笔方法，就会产生刚劲中寓灵秀，婉约中含峻奇的形式美感。

Due to the different methods of calligraphy, the dotted lines can be divided into square pens and round pens. The square pen takes "folding" as the turning point. When writing the dotted line of each word, the pen breaks and resumes, and its ending is the "outward extension" method. The round pen uses "turning" to turn, and the line pen changes continuously, and its closing edge is "internal" method. The usage of square pen is like Zhang Menglong in Wei stele, and the usage of round pen is like Zheng Wengong in Wei stele. The method of using both square and round pens will produce a formal aesthetic feeling of combining strength with dexterity and elegance.

线条曲直动静的形态美是更强烈而多变的。曲与直、动与静在书法作品中互为关照，互相映衬。从随体结诎的篆书、波磔多姿的隶书、点画多变的楷书、行云流水的行书、龙飞凤舞的草书，其曲直动静的发展越来越强烈，书法美的线条形式遵遁着这样一个轨迹。草书线条的曲直动静之美可谓是集书法形式美的大成，是非常精致的。刘熙载《艺概》中指出：“书家无篆圣、隶圣、而有草圣。盖草之道千变万化，执持寻逐，失之愈远”。狂素（怀素）颠张（张旭）的草书线条形态“矫若游龙，疾若惊蛇”，其曲直回旋、动静奇逸，的确是千态万姿，不可端倪的。

Straight and beautiful lines are more dynamic and changeable. Song and straightness, motion and stillness take care of each other and set off each other in calligraphy works. From the seal script formed with the body, the official script with various shapes, the regular script with changeable stippling, the running script with flowing clouds and flowing water, and the cursive script with flying dragons and Phoenix, the development of its straightness and movement is becoming stronger and stronger, and the line form of calligraphy beauty follows such a track. The beauty of cursive lines is a masterpiece of the beauty of calligraphy form, which is very exquisite. Liu Xizai pointed out in his "art outline": "a calligrapher has no seal script saint, Li saint, but a grass saint. The way of covering grass is ever-changing. The more he pursues it, the farther he loses it". The cursive lines of Kuang Su (Huai Su) and Zhang Xu (Zhang Xu) are "as graceful as a wandering dragon and as fast as a startling snake". Their twists and turns and strange movements and stills are indeed thousands of forms and shapes, which are inconceivable.

2、运笔点画的节奏

2. Rhythm of pen movement and stippling

书法线条在纸上运动的形式不是平拖直划一抹而就，而是富有节奏韵律变化的轻重徐疾、抑扬顿挫的运动，在笔情墨韵中激荡着情感的旋律，形式美中渗进了强烈的音乐节奏性。唐代张怀瓘在《书议》中把书称之为“无声之音”。虞世南在《笔髓论》中也认为书法有似于音乐演奏，“鼓瑟纶音，妙响随意而生。”

The movement form of calligraphy lines on paper is not a smooth drag and straight stroke, but a rhythmic and rhythmic movement of light and slow diseases, cadence, stirring the melody of emotion in the pen emotion and ink rhyme, and a strong musical rhythm is infiltrated into the beauty of form. In Shuyi, Zhang Huaixiang of the Tang Dynasty called the book "the sound of silence". Yu Shinan also believes that calligraphy is similar to music performance in "on the pith of the pen." the sound of drum, harp and Lun is produced at will. "

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