When repairing ancient calligraphy and painting, how to remove the soft and fragile heart of rice paper painting from the "life paper" and "life paper" glued with paste?

在首都博物馆的文物保护修复中心，技术人员向笔者展示了全新的技术成果——生物酶揭展古书画技术。书画装裱专 家楼朋竹将一幅清末立轴水墨画平铺于修复台，用毛刷蘸上兑入揭展剂的溶液，将画纸完全淋湿浸润。十分钟后，她和同事将画纸拉起，字画装裱zui底层的“禙纸”已自然脱落。工作人员再用镊子轻轻揭起附着于宣纸后的“命纸”，轻轻一拉，整层“命纸”完好无损地分离，“画心”安然无恙。整个过程不超过二十分钟。对比另一幅采用陕西刘文西字画收购传统水润法揭展的字画，需要用清水浸透字画，然后一点点撕开“禙纸”，再用手轻轻搓磨，“命纸”一绺绺地被搓碎脱落，“画心”才会逐渐显露。技术人员介绍，传统揭裱一幅古书画，有时需要几个月甚半年之久，稍有不慎就会对画面造成损伤。

At the cultural relics protection and restoration center of the capital museum, technicians showed the author a new technical achievement - the technology of exposing ancient calligraphy and painting with biological enzymes. Lou pengzhu, an expert in calligraphy and painting mounting, tiled a vertical axis ink painting in the late Qing Dynasty on the repair table, dipped it with a brush and mixed it with the solution of uncovering agent to completely wet the paper. Ten minutes later, she and her colleagues pulled up the painting paper, and the "paper" on the mounting Zui bottom of calligraphy and painting had fallen off naturally. The staff then gently lifted the "life paper" attached to the rice paper with tweezers, gently pulled it, and the whole layer of "life paper" was separated intact, and the "painting heart" was safe. The whole process does not exceed 20 minutes. In contrast to another calligraphy and painting that adopts Shaanxi Liu Wenxi calligraphy and painting to acquire the traditional water moistening method, it needs to soak the calligraphy and painting with clean water, then tear off the "paper" a little bit, and then rub it gently by hand. The "life paper" is broken and fallen off one by one, and the "painting heart" will be gradually revealed. According to the technicians, the traditional uncovering and mounting of an ancient calligraphy and painting sometimes takes months or even half a year, and the slightest carelessness will damage the picture.

宣纸是书画zui常使用的材料，其质地纤薄，易破损。为了便于保护与收藏，书画心背面通常会用糨糊托裱数层麻纸布帛等材料。经过长时间磨损后，如果要恢复古书画原貌，则需重新装裱和修复。整个修裱过程中，将“画心”揭下来是zui重要的一环，也就是所谓的“揭展”技术。传统工艺中，揭展画心需要装裱师傅具有丰富的经验、精到陕西刘文西字画鉴定的手法和非常大的耐心。2008年，首都博物馆文物保护修复中心针对书画揭裱过程中的关键问题展开研究，并于2012年承担古书画保护课题，在北京市文物局和北京科委的支持下，经过六年多的实验研究，成功研制出应用于古书画保护的生物揭展剂，使这个困惑人们的难题得以解决。

Rice paper is a material often used in Chinese calligraphy and painting Zui. Its texture is thin and easy to be damaged. In order to facilitate protection and collection, the back of the heart of calligraphy and painting is usually pasted with several layers of hemp paper, cloth and silk. After a long time of wear and tear, if you want to restore the original appearance of ancient calligraphy and painting, you need to re frame and repair. In the whole process of fixing and mounting, it is Zui important to take off the "painting heart", that is, the so-called "uncovering and Exhibition" technology. In traditional crafts, uncovering the painting heart requires the mounting master to have rich experience, proficient in the identification of Shaanxi Liu Wenxi calligraphy and painting and great patience. In 2008, the cultural relics protection and restoration center of the capital museum carried out research on the key problems in the process of uncovering and mounting calligraphy and painting, and undertook the topic of ancient calligraphy and painting protection in 2012. With the support of Beijing Municipal Bureau of cultural relics and Beijing Science and Technology Commission, after more than six years of experimental research, it successfully developed a biological uncovering agent applied to the protection of ancient calligraphy and painting, which solved this puzzle.

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