The art of calligraphy and painting sublimates the ancients' perception of humanity and nature and Thoughts on paper in the form of aesthetic atmosphere. It is not only the treasure of Chinese culture, but also the essence. Since ancient times, many rich men will feel honored and delighted to get a genuine masterpiece. What comprehensive factors should be combined in the identification of calligraphy and painting collection?

现代生活中，也有许多书画收藏爱好者或者投资者。如今书画市场仍然存在着不少可以乱人眼目的赝品，因此书画鉴定是一个非常重要的过程，掌握一定的鉴定常识和知识也是很必要的。书画鉴定的过程涉及的知识面也很广泛，在进行鉴定时也要考虑多方面的因素来进行综合评定。下面我们可以从几方面来进行浅析分享。

In modern life, there are also many calligraphy and painting collection lovers or investors. Nowadays, there are still many fakes that can confuse people's eyes in the calligraphy and painting market. Therefore, calligraphy and painting identification is a very important process, and it is also necessary to master certain identification common sense and knowledge. The process of calligraphy and painting appraisal involves a wide range of knowledge, and various factors should be considered for comprehensive evaluation. Now we can analyze and share from several aspects.

通常，我们可以结合作者本人的资料、特殊的时空特点以及作者所处的时代的艺术特征等方面来作为鉴定的判断依据。方面是深入了解书画家本人的生卒时间或者字号、籍贯等，这是作伪者很容易忽略的不注意的细节问题，也相对容易被我们发现。

Usually, we can combine the author's own data, special space-time characteristics and the artistic characteristics of the author's era as the judgment basis of identification. On the one hand, it is to have an in-depth understanding of the birth and death time, font size and native place of the calligrapher and painter. This is a detail that the counterfeiter is easy to ignore and is relatively easy to be found by us.

另外一种方法就是通过历代帝王的年号来鉴定，这方面的知识对于鉴定也是有一定用处的，而且可以起到很大的作用。这个细节主要是指历代帝王的年号在终结或者刚刚开始的时候是交叉的，往往并不是整月或者整年。

Another method is to identify through the years of emperors in previous dynasties. This knowledge is also useful for identification, and can play a great role. This detail mainly refers to that the year numbers of emperors of previous dynasties are crossed at the end or at the beginning, often not the whole month or the whole year.

在这里还要提到一种很有技巧的作伪复旧的方法，那就是“揭裱旧字画”。这种方法对于作伪者的技术也有着很高的要求。揭裱，如果操作不当，原字画也会被毁于一旦。但是这种方法仿真度很高。它具体是指揭裱名人字画常用的二层，通过对与原着相差不多的二层进行润色、装裱等，来以假乱真，这个复旧的效果是很逼真的，很难辨别真伪值得仔细研究，认真加以鉴定辨别。当然，我们还可以通过长时间的积累来从作者的用笔习惯、风格等直观或者间接的方法来鉴定。多多收集充实这方面的知识，无疑是对于鉴定也有着很大的帮助和作用。

Here we also need to mention a very skilled method of counterfeiting and restoring the old, that is "uncovering and mounting old calligraphy and paintings". This method also has high requirements for the technology of counterfeiters. Uncovering and mounting, if the operation is improper, the original calligraphy and painting will also be destroyed. But this method has a high degree of simulation. It specifically refers to uncovering and mounting the two layers commonly used in celebrity calligraphy and painting. By polishing and mounting the two layers similar to the original, it can confuse the false with the true. The effect of this restoration is very realistic, it is difficult to distinguish the true from the false, which is worthy of careful study and careful identification. Of course, we can also identify the author's pen habits, styles and other intuitive or indirect methods through long-term accumulation. Collecting and enriching this knowledge is undoubtedly of great help and role for identification.

其中熟悉书法作者的个人风格是很关键的一步，每位书法家都会在长时间的创作中因为性格、习惯、情趣等等原因，而形成自己独特的作品风情。而且他们一般都有自己的用笔习惯或其他的创作规律可循。

Among them, being familiar with the personal style of the calligrapher is a key step. Every calligrapher will form his own unique style of work due to personality, habits, interests and other reasons in his long-term creation. And they generally have their own pen habits or other creative rules to follow.

比如我们可以运用核对印章的方法来进行对比鉴别。这种办法运用时要有一个经鉴定为真品的印章作为范本，然后从需要鉴别的印章的笔划的曲折程度及特点、尺寸或者篆法等方面仔细比对，如果发现有很明显的出入，就要多加小心，并且进行更加仔细的甄别了。我们还可以通过着录等间接的方法来进行鉴别。有些间接的方法一样可以起到信任作用。

For example, we can use the method of checking seals for comparison and identification. When using this method, we should first have a seal that has been identified as genuine as a model, and then carefully compare the twists and turns of the strokes and characteristics, size or seal method of the seal to be identified. If there are obvious differences, we should be more careful and conduct more careful screening. We can also identify through indirect methods such as recording. Some indirect methods can also play a role of trust.