名家书画保管不妥的原因有许多，一般说来因为季节更替产生的温差变化，干湿不匀，阳光紫外线辐射，环境空气尘埃的污染等等，而发生虫蛀、霉变、褪色等现象，使一幅完整的书画作品面目全非，甚失去其艺术价值。

There are many reasons for improper storage of famous calligraphers and painters. Generally speaking, due to the temperature difference caused by seasonal changes, uneven dryness and wetness, sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, pollution of environmental air dust, etc., phenomena such as insect infestation, mold, and fading occur, causing a complete calligraphy and painting work to lose its artistic value.

但凡我们能够了解一些书画容易受损的弱点，采取一些有效的防止措施，在一定的程度上延缓书画变旧破损进程，使得书画的寿命延长，能够保存其原貌。

Whenever we can understand the weaknesses of some calligraphy and painting that are prone to damage, and take effective preventive measures, to a certain extent, we can delay the aging and damage process of calligraphy and painting, prolong their lifespan, and preserve their original appearance.

名家书画切记不可挂在太阳光可以直射到的地方，珍贵的收藏品好放于木匣中置阴处保存，不要轻易见光。

Famous calligraphers and painters must remember not to hang them in places where direct sunlight can reach them. Precious collectibles should be stored in a wooden box in a shaded area and not easily exposed to light.

环境污染对书画的损害非常大，定期清理灰尘，避免灰层过多对书画产生影响，保证书画作品的整洁。

Environmental pollution causes significant damage to calligraphy and painting. Regular cleaning of dust is necessary to avoid excessive dust layers affecting calligraphy and painting, ensuring the cleanliness of the artwork.

在防止书画被虫蛀方面，可用樟脑丸挥发出特殊的气味来防虫，具有较好的驱虫效果。使用时将樟脑药放在收藏书画作品周围。一年之中可以分期放二次，次在34月，第二次可在1011月，这样防虫效果较好。

Camphor balls can emit a special odor to prevent insect infestation in calligraphy and painting, which has a good insect repellent effect. Place camphor medicine around the collection of calligraphy and painting works when using. It can be phased twice a year, the first time from March to April, and the second time from October to November, which has a better pest control effect.

03卷放要得法

03 rolls need to be properly placed

书画作品长期处于挂展状态时，纸张要承受下垂的拉力和张力，使纸张的强度减弱，所以在挂展一段时间后，应当安排其“休息、调整”。卷放就是使书画处于休息状态，让它恢复原来的拉力和张力。可以将书画作品轮流挂展，以供欣赏。

When calligraphy and painting works are in a hanging state for a long time, the paper needs to withstand the sagging tension and tension, which weakens the strength of the paper. Therefore, after hanging for a period of time, it should be arranged to "rest and adjust". Roll up is to put calligraphy and painting in a resting state, restoring their original tension and tension. Calligraphy and painting works can be displayed alternately for appreciation.

书画作品不论是立轴、屏、对联、手卷、册页，还是扇面、斗方，基本上属纸质品和丝织品两种，两者都含有纤维质，具有吸湿性，故而切不可让字画置于潮湿的地方。

Calligraphy and painting works, whether they are vertical scrolls, screens, couplets, hand scrolls, albums, fans, or doufang, basically belong to two types: paper and silk, both of which contain fiber and have hygroscopicity. Therefore, calligraphy and painting should not be placed in damp places.

书画保存空间温度应保持在14℃~20℃左右，相对湿度在50~60%。倘若室内相对湿度偏高，容易引起纸张受潮而滋长霉菌，霉菌在潮湿、温暖和黑暗条件下易繁殖。

The temperature of the storage space for calligraphy and painting should be maintained at around 14 ℃~20 ℃, and the relative humidity should be between 50%~60%. If the indoor relative humidity is too high, it is easy to cause paper to become damp and grow mold. Mold is prone to proliferation in humid, warm, and dark conditions.

但也不能太干燥，太干燥容易引起字画的翘曲变脆，遇天气过分干燥时，可常用湿墩布拖地，或在房内放盆水。天气潮湿时，尤其在雨季，尽量少开窗户，这样可以使房间的湿度得到相应的控制，一般美术馆博物馆有恒温恒湿的条件。还有一点诀窍，挂书画时不直接贴着墙，卷轴类的跟墙壁有五公分左右的距离好。

But it should not be too dry, as it can easily cause the calligraphy and painting to curl and become brittle. When the weather is too dry, wet mops can be used to mop the floor, or a basin of water can be placed in the room. When the weather is humid, especially during the rainy season, try to open fewer windows as much as possible to control the humidity of the room accordingly. Generally, art museums have constant temperature and humidity conditions. Another trick is not to stick your calligraphy and painting directly to the wall. For scrolls, it's better to have a distance of about five centimeters from the wall.

书画作品一旦吸水会造成纸张的破损，这样一来会大幅减少书画的价值。

Once a painting or calligraphy work absorbs water, it can cause damage to the paper, greatly reducing the value of the painting or calligraphy.

书画保护还应注意欣赏时不要用手指接触画面，展开和收卷时不要将画折坏留下折痕，收藏的书画由于年久会变得较脆容易弄折裂，所以一般不随便动手，收、拿、卷、挂等动作也一定要格外小心，做到轻手轻脚。

When protecting calligraphy and painting, attention should also be paid not to touch the picture with your fingers while appreciating. When unfolding and rolling, do not damage the painting and leave creases. Collected calligraphy and painting may become brittle and easily crack over time, so it is generally not advisable to use hands casually. The actions of folding, holding, rolling, hanging, etc. must also be extra careful, and be done with light hands and feet.

07书画受潮如何处理？

How to deal with damp calligraphy and painting in 07?

这个问题很多收藏家都非常好奇，特别是南方比较潮湿的沿海地区，有时难免受潮，万一书画受潮可以这样补救：若在书画表面发现有霉点，可用宣纸轻轻扫除，若不能扫除，就要揭裱，因为霉点会慢慢蚕食书画，对书画的危害很大。

Many collectors are very curious about this issue, especially in the humid coastal areas of the south, where it is sometimes inevitable to get damp. In case of dampness in calligraphy and painting, this can be remedied: if mold spots are found on the surface of calligraphy and painting, they can be gently cleaned with rice paper. If they cannot be cleaned, they should be removed and mounted, because mold spots can slowly erode calligraphy and painting, posing great harm to them.

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