收购名人字画：从大众视角说书画收藏

　　Acquiring Celebrity Calligraphy and Painting: A Public Perspective on Calligraphy and Painting Collections

　　前段时间，大雅堂按往年惯例为当代某画家举行了一场迎新春书画展，现场人潮涌动，场面，据说标价平尺达几十万，仍有人趋之若鹜。在经济调整期，书画收藏能有如此火热的场面，也算是个例了。

　　Recently, Rongbaozhai held a New Year's calligraphy and painting exhibition for a contemporary painter as usual. The crowd was overwhelming and the scene was unprecedented. It is said that the price per square foot reached hundreds of thousands, and there are still people flocking to it. In the period of economic adjustment, the scene of calligraphy and painting collection being so hot is also an exception.

　　藏书赏画自古就是的雅事，从皇宫内府到士大夫，再到有一定经济实力的文人士子，无不热衷此行。到了明清和近现代，参与收藏的人数、投入的资金体量以及有关收藏的著述达到令人惊叹的地步，盛宣怀、庞元济、张伯驹等大收藏家往往为求一纸豪掷千金，收藏风气之盛可谓甚嚣尘上。

　　Collecting books and appreciating paintings has always been a high-end and elegant activity. From the imperial palace to the literati class, and even to literati with certain economic strength, everyone is enthusiastic about this trip. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as in modern times, the number of people involved in collecting, the amount of funds invested, and the writings related to collecting reached an astonishing level. Large collectors such as Sheng Xuanhuai, Pang Yuanji, and Zhang Boju often spent a lot of money in pursuit of a single piece of paper, and the atmosphere of collecting was extremely prosperous.

　　在物质极大丰富的今天，收藏不再是商贾巨富和文人雅士的，已逐渐成为大众物质生活和精神生活的一部分。而承载着历史、文化、艺术信息的书画，作为收藏品的意义，可以用两个通俗的词语概括，那就是好玩、值钱。有人从内心喜欢，读懂了里面的信息，对作品艺术境界、审美表达产生崇敬和共鸣，甚对作者生活方式、所处的时代环境和文化氛围有一种向往和憧憬；而有人则看到的是商机和财富，将收藏作为一种投资或者投机行为，对其低风险、益青睐有加。

　　In today's era of great material abundance, collection is no longer the exclusive domain of wealthy merchants and literati, but has gradually become a part of the material and spiritual lives of the masses. The significance of calligraphy and painting as collectibles, which carry historical, cultural, and artistic information, can be summarized in two simple words: fun and valuable. Some people like it from the bottom of their hearts, understand the information inside, admire and resonate with the artistic realm and aesthetic expression of the work, and even have a longing and longing for the author's lifestyle, the era environment and cultural atmosphere; However, some people see business opportunities and wealth, and view collecting as an investment or speculative activity, favoring its low risk and high efficiency.

　　伴随着经济发展和时代变迁，书画收藏渠道也不断丰富。改革开放以来，书画由过去单一的文物商店出售，到现在的拍卖行、画廊、文化市场以及线上的网络店铺、网拍应用程序、网络直播售卖等。每种销售方式各有特点，往往线上线下互相交叉，作品档次、客户群体也各有差别。一般情况下，拍卖公司和实体画廊，大多出售已故或已成名的书画家作品，档次相对较高，保真性强。网络店铺是新世纪初期随着互联网发展而兴起的新生事物，在书法论坛时代，网店风骚，对当今一些书坛名家的市场培育、交流和宣传起到了关重要的作用。随着新媒体发展，更便捷直观的移动客户端和直播平台的出现，网络店铺逐步退出了舞台。直观便捷的新媒体满足了各类消费者的需求，同时也呈现出了低端化趋势，市场供给泥沙俱下，鱼龙混杂。处在多元多平台共存的时代，如何做好书画收藏，从大众收藏的视角讲，有几点浅显的建议供参考。

　　With the development of the economy and the changes of the times, the channels for collecting calligraphy and painting are constantly enriched. Since the reform and opening up, the trading of calligraphy and painting has evolved from a single cultural relic store to auction houses, galleries, cultural markets, as well as online stores, auction applications, and live streaming sales. Each sales method has its own characteristics, often intersecting online and offline, with differences in product quality and customer base. In general, auction companies and physical galleries mostly sell works of deceased or famous calligraphers and painters, with relatively high quality and strong authenticity. The online shop is a new thing emerging with the development of the Internet at the beginning of the new century. In the era of calligraphy forum, the online shop leads the fashion and plays a vital role in the market cultivation, communication and publicity of some famous calligraphers today. With the development of new media and the emergence of more convenient and intuitive mobile clients and live streaming platforms, online stores have gradually withdrawn from the trading stage. Intuitive and convenient new media meets the needs of various consumers, while also showing a trend towards low-end. The market supply is mixed with good and bad. In the era of diverse and multi platform coexistence, how to do a good job in calligraphy and painting collection? From the perspective of mass collection, there are several simple suggestions for reference.

　　看市场反应。市场是达到一定量的行为，如何判断书画家有没有市场，有一个简单的方法。“有人买”不是市场，“有人卖”也不是市场，因为买和卖都可能是偶发的个人行为，一个书画家作品稍有水平，足够优惠，总能卖出一些，但这并不是说已形成了市场。所谓的市场是限量供给和长期有效的，长期“有人收”的作品才是真正被市场认可了的。常见画廊门口告示，写着长年收购以下书画家作品，后面有一大串名字，在这个名单里的书画家，基本上就是被当地市场认可了的，虽然市场有冷暖，行情有涨跌，但从中选购不用担心以后转手变现问题。

　　Observe market reactions. The market is a trading behavior that reaches a certain volume. There is a simple method to determine whether calligraphers and painters have a market. Someone buying "is not a market, and" someone selling "is not a market either, because buying and selling may be occasional personal actions. A painter or calligrapher's work may have a slight level of skill and a sufficiently favorable price, and they can always sell some, but this does not mean that a market has formed. The so-called market is limited supply and long-term effectiveness, and works that have been "collected" for a long time are truly recognized by the market. A common notice at the entrance of a gallery reads that the following calligraphy and painting works have been purchased for many years, followed by a long list of names. The calligraphy and painting artists on this list are basically recognized by the local market. Although the market has ups and downs, there is no need to worry about resale and monetization issues when choosing from them.

　　买古不买今。在一般情况下，时间轴线长的作品有历史年轮，承载着厚重的时代信息，艺术审美的距离感，文化传承的崇高感等因素的交叠，更能显出其价值。比如，过去一些普通举人秀才的字，写得不刻意浮躁，没有被炒作，从性价比上看收藏起来远比现在许多名家好很多。当今时代书家众多，在优越的创作条件下，作品呈工业化生产状态，没有特殊的社会背景，难以作出留存后世的名作，一般书家的大多数作品只能称之为工艺品，是否具备收藏价值，需要经历长时间的检验。

　　Buy the past, not the present. In general, works with a long timeline have historical rings, carrying heavy information of the times, a sense of distance in artistic aesthetics, and a sense of nobility in cultural inheritance, which overlap and highlight their value. For example, in the past, some ordinary literati characters were not deliberately impetuous or hyped up, and in terms of cost-effectiveness, they were much better to collect than many famous artists nowadays. In today's era, there are numerous calligraphers, and under superior creative conditions, their works are in an industrialized production state without a special social background, making it difficult to create masterpieces that can be preserved in later generations. Most of the works of calligraphers can only be called handicrafts, and whether they have collectible value needs to go through a long period of testing.

　　买近不买远。所谓远近，并非单纯的距离概念，而是具有地域性因素的名声远近。处在当地市场，买当地人都知道、都认识的名家作品，会具备较高流通性。在艺术水平被行内认可了的前提下，如果名显当地，或弟子众多，得其教诲；或知交故旧广，传其掌故；或德才兼备，有美誉，形象好，那么其作品市场前景就看好。比如，在山东济南书画市场，魏启后、蒋维崧以及“关黑弥岳”等书画家作品一直很抢手。即便在区县一级，也有市场培育良好的例子，在山东省日照市莒县，“莒县六老”作品被称为“地方粮票”，在任何时候，有人卖就有人要。

　　Buy near, not far. The so-called distance is not simply a concept of distance, but a reputation distance with regional factors. Being in the local market and buying works of famous artists that are known and recognized by locals will have higher circulation. On the premise that the artistic level is recognized by the industry, if the name is prominent in the local area or there are many disciples, receive their teachings; Or knowing old friends and spreading their stories; If someone possesses both moral integrity and talent, has a good reputation, and has a good image, then the market prospects for their works are promising. For example, in the calligraphy and painting market in Jinan, Shandong, works by calligraphers and painters such as Wei Qihou, Jiang Weisong, and "Guan Heimi Yue" have always been in high demand. Even at the district and county level, there are good examples of market cultivation. In Juxian County, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, the works of the "Six Elders of Juxian" are known as "local grain coupons", and at any time, whoever sells them will demand them.

　　买定不买疑。真假是收藏的生死线，宁可花高价买被确定为真的作品，也不贪便宜买拿不准的东西。当今造假手段很多，技术也很高，鉴定真假是普通人的收藏瓶颈，如果自己眼力不够，就需要多找行内人掌眼，尽量选择流传有序的作品，与靠谱的商家打交道。要讲逻辑，多问为什么，这么好的作品为什么价不高，这家店为什么无人光顾，如果没有足够的知识储备和眼力，存疑即否定，不要抱捡漏心态。

　　Buy without doubt. Authenticity is the lifeline of collecting. It is better to spend a high price on a work that is confirmed to be genuine than to buy something that is uncertain at a low price. There are many methods of counterfeiting nowadays, and the technology is also very advanced. Identifying the authenticity is a bottleneck for ordinary people's collections. If one's own vision is not enough, they need to seek the help of industry insiders and try to choose works that have been circulated in an orderly manner, and deal with reliable merchants. To be logical, ask more why, why such a good work is not expensive, why this store is not visited, if there is not enough knowledge reserve and vision, doubt and deny, do not have a picky mentality.

　　看名也看实。对于收藏来说，作者的名很重要，但要看名是不是官位加身之名、自吹自擂之名、市场炒作之名，除了创作的高度外，书画家的人生经历、德望、学识、修养、著述以及师承、弟子，包括个人年寿等共同成就了一个书画家之大名。齐白石木工出身，后以卖画为生，得贵人相助，衰年变法，门下名弟子众多，终成一代巨匠。而启功先生，进入现代一流书画家收藏人选，除去艺术因素，其学识德望等因素加持起到了重要作用。

　　Look at both the name and the reality. For collection, the author's name is important, but it depends on whether the name is a name that is elevated by official positions, a name that boasts about oneself, or a name that is hyped up in the market. In addition to the height of professional creation, the life experience, moral expectations, knowledge, cultivation, writings, as well as the mentorship, disciples, and personal age of the calligrapher and painter, all contribute to the creation of a great name for the calligrapher and painter. Qi Baishi came from a woodworking background and later made a living by selling paintings. With the help of influential people, he underwent reforms in his declining years and had many famous disciples, eventually becoming a great master. Mr. Qigong, as a candidate for the collection of modern first-class calligraphers and painters, played an important role not only in artistic factors, but also in his knowledge and moral expectations.

　　有一位鉴定家说过，真正贵的东西是无用的。好物，是一种趣味和情怀。喜欢的东西收到了，就是缘分，即便以后转手散去，也不枉曾经拥有。

　　A appraiser once said that truly expensive things are useless. Good things are a kind of fun and emotion. When you receive something you like, it's fate. Even if it changes hands and disappears in the future, it's not worth having it in the past.