收购名人字画必懂行话：吃透尺寸形制，不做外行、不被忽悠

　　Acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting requires understanding jargon: mastering size and shape, not being an outsider, and not being deceived

　　涉足收购名人字画，忌讳的就是不懂行业行话、不辨尺寸形制——字画圈里的黑话、术语数不胜数，若是一窍不通，人家一开口就知道你是外行，谈价钱、看作品时很容易被忽悠，要么多花冤枉钱，要么误收不合规作品。很多收购新手之所以踩坑，就是因为不懂尺寸换算、不了解形制术语，连作品大小、规格都搞不清楚，更别说精准判断价值。今天就结合字画圈常见行话，详细拆解收购名人字画必懂的尺寸、形制、材质相关术语，帮你快速入门，摆脱外行身份，收购时心里有底、不被套路。

　　The biggest taboo when it comes to acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting is not understanding industry jargon and not distinguishing size and shape - there are countless slang and terms in the calligraphy and painting circle. If you are completely ignorant, people will know you are a layman as soon as they speak, and it is easy to be deceived when negotiating prices or viewing works. Either you spend too much money unjustly, or you mistakenly accept non compliant works. Many novice buyers fall into the trap because they don't understand size conversion, shape terminology, or even the size and specifications of their products, let alone accurately judge their value. Today, based on common jargon in the calligraphy and painting industry, we will provide a detailed breakdown of the size, shape, and material related terms that are essential for purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting. This will help you quickly get started, get rid of your outsider identity, and have a clear understanding and avoid being trapped by tricks when purchasing.

　　收购名人字画，谈价钱时涉及的就是尺寸，而字画圈的尺寸计量，通用标准是“平尺”，这和当代艺术常用的系数计量完全不同。很多新手不知道平尺怎么算，其实方法很简单：一平尺换算成公分，就是33.3×33.3公分，想要算出一幅画的平尺数，只需用作品的长（公分）乘以宽（公分），再乘以9，去掉小数点后，得出的数字就是平尺数。比如一幅1米×1米的作品，换算下来就是9平尺，这个简单的换算方法，收购时一定要牢记，避免被尺寸忽悠。

　　When negotiating the price of purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting, the first thing involved is size, and the common standard for measuring the size of calligraphy and painting circles is the "straightedge", which is completely different from the coefficient measurement commonly used in contemporary art. Many beginners don't know how to calculate a straightedge, but the method is actually very simple: one straightedge is converted to centimeters, which is 33.3 × 33.3 centimeters. To calculate the straightedge number of a painting, simply multiply the length (centimeters) of the artwork by the width (centimeters), then multiply by 9, remove the decimal point, and the resulting number is the straightedge number. For example, a piece of artwork measuring 1 meter by 1 meter can be converted to 9 square feet. This simple conversion method should be kept in mind when purchasing to avoid being misled by the size.

　　除了基础换算，尺寸相关的简化术语也必须掌握，收购时交流起来更，也能避免露怯。比如常说的“斗方”，尺寸大概在69×69公分左右，换算下来就是四平尺；“四尺整张”是八平尺，“六尺整张”是15平尺，“丈二匹”则是48平尺，这些都是收购中常见的尺寸术语。除此之外，还有四尺对开、六尺对开等细分规格，虽然不用一次性全部吃透，但核心的几种尺寸术语，一定要烂熟于心，不然谈收购时很容易被对方牵着鼻子走。

　　In addition to basic conversion, it is also necessary to master simplified terminology related to size, which can make communication more efficient during acquisition and avoid embarrassment. For example, the commonly known "dou fang" has a size of about 69 × 69 centimeters, which is equivalent to a four square foot; Four foot sheet "is eight square feet," six foot sheet "is 15 square feet, and" zhang er pi "is 48 square feet. These are the most common size terms used in acquisitions. In addition, there are also subdivided specifications such as four foot split and six foot split. Although it is not necessary to fully understand them all at once, the core size terms must be memorized, otherwise it is easy to be led by the other party when negotiating the acquisition.

　　除了尺寸，作品的形制也很关键，不同形制的字画，不仅摆放场景不同，收购价值和市场认可度也有差异。字画的形制术语，大多源于古代字画的摆放规矩，比如一进门看到的、摆放在太师椅中间的大幅字画，就叫“中堂”，这类作品尺寸较大、气势足，旁边通常会搭配对联，规格高的还会配上横匾，收购时这类形制的作品，往往更具收藏价值。

　　In addition to size, the form of the artwork is also crucial. Different forms of calligraphy and painting not only have different placement scenarios, but also have differences in acquisition value and market recognition. The formal terminology of calligraphy and painting mostly originates from the placement rules of ancient calligraphy and painting. For example, the large calligraphy and painting placed in the middle of the Grand Preceptor's Chair as soon as one enters the door is called "Zhongtang". These works are larger in size and have a strong momentum, usually accompanied by couplets and horizontal plaques. When purchasing, works of this type are often more valuable for collection.

　　还有适合起居室悬挂的“琴条”，是瘦长型的作品，多为文人书法，格调雅致；书房里常用的“书房对”，是尺寸偏小的对联，简洁雅致，适配书房氛围；气势磅礴的“龙门对”，则是收购中常见的大气形制，深受藏家青睐。除此之外，还有册页、手卷、成扇、扇面、圆光（分大圆光、小圆光，也叫圆瓜）等形制，其中一张纸未装裱的作品叫“镜心”，装裱后竖挂的叫“立轴”，横挂的则叫“横批”，这些形制术语，直接关系到作品的摆放和价值，收购时必须分清。

　　There are also "qin sticks" suitable for hanging in the living room, which are slender and elongated works, mostly calligraphy by literati, with an elegant style; The commonly used "study pair" in the study is a small-sized couplet, simple and elegant, suitable for the atmosphere of the study; The majestic 'Dragon Gate Pair' is a common atmospheric shape in acquisitions, highly favored by collectors. In addition, there are also forms such as booklets, hand rolls, fans, fan faces, and round lights (divided into large round lights and small round lights, also known as round melons). One piece of paper that is not mounted is called "mirror heart", the one hung vertically after mounting is called "vertical axis", and the one hung horizontally is called "horizontal plate". These form terms directly affect the placement and value of the work, and must be distinguished when purchasing.

　　材质方面的行话，也是收购名人字画的。谈价钱时，通常绢本、绫本的作品会比纸本更贵，这是因为绢本、绫本材质更稀有，保存难度更大，艺术价值也更高。除此之外，还有很多判断作品真伪、品相的行话，比如“开门”指作品是典型的真迹，一眼就能看出；“关门”则指作品真伪存疑。形容品相的术语也不少，比如“墨晕”指墨色轻微晕开，“原装原裱”指作品当年画完后原装裱，未经过后期重新装裱，这类作品价值更高；“挖款”则是不良商家的套路，指挖掉原作者落款，改换成知名大家的落款，收购时一定要警惕。

　　The jargon related to materials is also a key focus of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting. When negotiating prices, works made of silk or silk are usually more expensive than those made of paper. This is because silk or silk materials are rarer, more difficult to preserve, and have higher artistic value. In addition, there are many jargons for judging the authenticity and appearance of works, such as "opening the door" which means that the work is a typical authentic work that can be seen at a glance; 'Closing the door' refers to doubts about the authenticity of the work. There are also many terms used to describe the appearance of a work, such as "ink halo" which refers to a slight darkening of the ink color, and "original mounting" which refers to the original mounting of the work after it was painted, without being re mounted in the later stage. Such works have higher value; 'Digging money' is a trick used by unscrupulous merchants, which refers to removing the original author's signature and replacing it with the signature of a well-known person. When making a purchase, one must be vigilant.

　　还有“透背”，指作品经过几十年沉淀，墨色透过纸背，这种岁月感很难仿造，是判断老画真伪的重要依据；“反铅”则指老画上的白色颜料（古代多用铅），经过时间氧化变黑，也是老画的典型特征。这些行话，看似琐碎，却是收购名人字画的“避坑指南”，读懂这些，才能在收购时精准判断作品真伪、品相和价值，不做外行、不被忽悠。

　　There is also 'transparent backing', which refers to a work that has been sedimented for decades, with ink color penetrating through the paper backing. This sense of time is difficult to imitate and is an important basis for judging the authenticity of old paintings; Anti lead "refers to the white pigment on old paintings (lead was commonly used in ancient times), which oxidizes over time and turns black, and is also a typical feature of old paintings. These jargons may seem trivial, but they are a "pit avoiding guide" for purchasing celebrity calligraphy and paintings. Only by understanding these can one accurately judge the authenticity, quality, and value of a work during the acquisition, without being a layman or being deceived.

　　综上，收购名人字画，不懂行话、不辨尺寸形制，很难避开陷阱。吃透平尺换算、尺寸术语，分清各类形制差异，了解材质和品相相关行话，不仅能快速融入行业，更能在收购时精准判断价值、规避套路。毕竟，收购名人字画的核心是“懂行”，只有掌握这些基础知识点，才能在收购中占据主动，不花冤枉钱，选到真正有价值的名人字画，实现藏有所值、收有所利。

　　In summary, it is difficult to avoid pitfalls when acquiring celebrity calligraphy and paintings without understanding jargon or distinguishing sizes and shapes. By using turbine rulers for conversion and size terminology, distinguishing various shape differences, and understanding the jargon related to materials and product phases, one can not only quickly integrate into the industry, but also accurately judge value and avoid tricks during acquisitions. After all, the core of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting is "understanding the industry". Only by mastering these basic knowledge points can one take the initiative in the acquisition, avoid wasting money, select truly valuable celebrity calligraphy and painting, and achieve value for money and profit.

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