纸、帛的鉴别 字画是作于纸和帛之上的，帛的寿命一般百年左右，纸的寿命约在千年之内。题跋鉴别 题跋分三类：作者的题跋，同时代人的题跋，后人的题跋。

The identification of calligraphy and painting on paper and silk is based on them. The lifespan of silk is generally around a hundred years, while the lifespan of paper is within a thousand years. The identification of postscripts can be divided into three categories: the author's postscript, contemporary postscript, and later postscript.

名人字画怎么识别真假，字画是世界绘画艺术之林的瑰宝，字画和西画相比更具有艺术性。那么名人字画怎么识别真假呢

How to identify the authenticity of celebrity calligraphy and painting? Chinese calligraphy and painting are treasures in the world of painting art, and compared to Western painting, Chinese calligraphy and painting are more artistic. So how do celebrity calligraphy and painting identify authenticity

主要看笔锋，笔墨，情感，格调意境，流派风格，构图，落款  时代特征与个人风格 书画是作品，必然留下时代特征，不同时代字画特征不一。唐朝之前的山水画恐怕难令人置信，用楷书冒充西汉书法也不会有人相信。只要对字画年代宇型、画技画风有大概了解，明显的伪品欺骗就可鉴别。对于名家作品，要了解名家的生平、艺术风格与创作题材范围，更要了解他们的笔墨技法。名家的艺术表现技法是长期操练后而形成的，一般人要模仿难免有败笔显露，抓住某人笔法特点研究深，则容易辨认伪作。

The main focus is on the brushstrokes, brushstrokes, emotions, style and artistic conception, genre and style, composition, and personal style. Calligraphy and painting are works that inevitably leave behind the characteristics of the times, and the characteristics of calligraphy and painting vary in different eras. Before the Tang Dynasty, landscape paintings were probably hard to believe, and no one would believe using regular script to impersonate Western Han calligraphy. As long as you have a general understanding of the era, style, techniques, and style of calligraphy and painting, obvious counterfeits and deception can be identified. For the works of famous artists, it is important to understand their biographies, artistic styles, and creative themes, as well as their brushstroke techniques. The artistic expression techniques of famous artists are formed after long-term practice. It is inevitable that some people will fail to imitate them. If one studies the characteristics of a person's brushwork deeply, it is easy to identify counterfeits.

名人字画怎么识别真假

How to identify the authenticity of celebrity calligraphy and painting

纸、帛的鉴别 字画是作于纸和帛之上的，帛的寿命一般百年左右，纸的寿命约在千年之内。当然，出土文物中的纸帛由于地下埋葬环境的不同，仍可能超越千年。例如绢帛在晋唐之前是单丝织成，直到宋代才发现双丝织成的绢帛，比元明时期的绢显得细密。由绢的质量类别可以断定字画年代。纸，也有时代痕迹。隋唐之前，纸以麻料作原料，显得纤维较租，纸张不够细洁;隋唐之后，树皮被用来造纸，其纸质就比以前精细;北宋中期后，造纸原料多样化，纸质也呈现多样化了。实际上，民间收藏的字画仅以明清以后时期多见，这是因为纸、绢本身难于历经数百年保存的缘故。再加上造伪者的混淆，所以有人认为古字画中相当部分是鱼目混珠。 装演鉴别 各个时代装横有其特色。如元代宫廷藏画选择专人装裱，大德四年“以古玉象牙为轴，以鸾鹊木锦碧天续为装核&。明代书画则在书画卷增加了引首，有的还被写上了字，立轴有宽边、窄边之分，有的还加了诗堂。清代宫廷书画的装核用料和技术形式都胜于明代，显得更为讲究

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The identification of calligraphy and painting on paper and silk is based on them. The lifespan of silk is generally around a hundred years, while the lifespan of paper is within a thousand years. Of course, the paper and silk unearthed from cultural relics may still exceed a thousand years due to different underground burial environments. For example, silk was woven from single silk before the Jin and Tang dynasties, and it was not until the Song dynasty that it was discovered that silk woven from double silk appeared finer and denser than silk from the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The quality category of silk can determine the era of calligraphy and painting. Paper also has traces of the times. Before the Sui and Tang dynasties, paper was made from hemp as raw material, which made it appear that the fibers were more expensive and the paper was not fine and clean enough; After the Sui and Tang dynasties, tree bark was used for papermaking, and its paper became finer than before; After the mid Northern Song Dynasty, the raw materials for papermaking became diversified, and paper also became more diverse. In fact, folk collections of calligraphy and painting are only common in the period after the Ming and Qing dynasties, because paper and silk themselves are difficult to preserve for hundreds of years. In addition, due to the confusion caused by counterfeiters, some people believe that a considerable portion of ancient Chinese characters and paintings are mixed with fish and eyes. The identification of costumes and performances in different eras has its own characteristics. For example, during the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court chose a dedicated person to frame the paintings, and in the fourth year of the Dade era; Using ancient jade ivory as the axis and Luan Que Mu Jin Bi Tian Xu as the core. In the Ming Dynasty, calligraphers and painters added introductions to their scrolls, and some even had characters written on them. The vertical axis was divided into wide and narrow edges, and some even added poetry halls. The materials and technical forms used in the decoration of court calligraphy and painting in the Qing Dynasty were superior to those in the Ming Dynasty, making them more sophisticated.

印章鉴别 宋代字画作品许多不上印章，部分上盖铜印与玉印，印色有密印和水樱元代印章质料有木、象牙、铜、玉等，印色为油印和水樱元代自王冕始用石料印章。明代石料印章普遍，篆文刻法采用“锤头式&，使用大多是油樱清代印章形状、字体、字形均呈多样化，印色为油质。 画中人物衣服与生活用具的鉴别 各个年代冠服往往不同，生活用具也有差别，可以据以鉴别。

Seal identification: Many Song Dynasty calligraphy and painting works do not have seals, and some are covered with copper and jade seals. The seal materials of the Yuan Dynasty include wood, ivory, copper, jade, etc. The seal materials of the Yuan Dynasty include oil seals and water cherry seals. Since Wang Mian, stone seals have been used. During the Ming Dynasty, stone seals were common, and the seal script carving method was adopted; Hammer head style, mostly used in the Qing Dynasty seal of Oil Sakura, with diverse shapes, fonts, and shapes, and oil based printing colors. The identification of clothing and daily necessities for characters in paintings often varies from different eras, and daily necessities also differ, which can be used for identification.

题跋鉴别 题跋分三类：作者的题跋，同时代人的题跋，后人的题跋。题跋是为了增加字画的身价。但是，常见有真画配假题跋或假画配真题跋的，应仔细鉴别。特别是名家在假字画上题跋更容易使入迷

The identification of postscripts can be divided into three categories: the author's postscript, contemporary postscript, and later postscript. The postscript is to increase the value of calligraphy and painting. However, if there are often genuine paintings with fake inscriptions or fake paintings with genuine inscriptions, careful identification should be made. Especially when famous artists write inscriptions and postscripts on fake calligraphy and painting, it is easier to become fascinated

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