Through investigation, it can be seen that many ancient calligraphy and paintings are damaged and peeled off due to factors such as natural erosion, insect infestation, and mold. In response to this situation, timely repair operations must be carried out to make the picture more rich and complete.

在揭好旧画心后，若其保持完整，则可以通过对比命纸较浅的旧色纸托。在揭好命纸之后，还需要仔细修补破损之处，例如，在对洞口进行修补时，应该保证古旧字画用纸和画心纸保持一致，这也就意味着工作人员在日常工作中应该做好旧纸收藏工作，或者提前染出颜色相近的宣纸，为后续修补提供便利。

After uncovering the old heart of the painting, if it remains intact, it can be compared to a lighter colored paper holder. After uncovering the life paper, it is also necessary to carefully repair the damaged areas. For example, when repairing the hole, it should be ensured that the paper used for ancient calligraphy and painting is consistent with the heart paper. This means that staff should collect old paper in their daily work or dye rice paper with similar colors in advance to provide convenience for subsequent repairs.

细补与隐补是两种补缺方法，其中，细补法就是先在洞口边缘通过小毛笔的利用来涂好稀糊，并以破洞大小为依据，合理剪裁补纸，保证洞口补纸纹的准确性。而隐补法则是指在实际修补之前，先将洞口周边杂物、纸屑等干净，并把洞口边缘搓成坡口，然后用绢或者是纸托起画心，在托纸背面修补好破裂处

Fine filling and hidden filling are two filling methods, among which, fine filling method is to first apply a thin paste on the edge of the hole through the use of a small brush, and based on the size of the hole, cut and fill the paper reasonably to ensure the accuracy of the hole filling paper pattern. The hidden filling method refers to the process of removing debris, paper scraps, and other debris from the surrounding area of the hole before actual repair, and then rolling the edge of the hole into a groove. Then, use silk or paper to support the painting center, and finally repair the broken area on the back of the supporting paper

两种方法都是对局部缺失画心进行补救的方式，区别只在于位置，即细补是先补好破损位置后托到命纸上，而隐补则是在命纸后直接修补破损位置。在对书画进行再次揭裱时，隐补方式需要再次对洞口边缘进行处理，必然会损害古旧书画，而细补则只需要去除命纸，可以为古旧书画保护提供便利

Both methods are used to remedy local missing center lines, with the only difference being the location. Fine patching involves first repairing the damaged position and then placing it on the life paper, while hidden patching involves directly repairing the damaged position after the life paper. When re exposing and mounting calligraphy and painting, the hidden filling method requires further treatment of the edge of the hole, which will inevitably damage the ancient calligraphy and painting. However, fine filling only requires the removal of the life paper, which can provide convenience for the protection of ancient calligraphy and painting