好不容易买到心爱的名家书画作品，心情无比激动。但你知道吗？买回家后书画的保养也非常重要，收藏界有句古话，“纸千年，绢八百”，说的是纸绢质文物寿命的上限，保存得好，宣纸有过千年的寿命。

　　After much effort, I finally managed to purchase my beloved calligraphy and painting works by famous artists, and I am incredibly excited. But do you know? The preservation of calligraphy and paintings after purchasing them is also very important. There is an old saying in the collection circle, "Paper lasts for a thousand years, silk for eight hundred years," which refers to the upper limit of the lifespan of paper and silk artifacts. If preserved well, Xuan paper can last for over a thousand years.

　　想了解名家书画作品应该如何“保养”？作为收藏品的书画，保养不好容易损坏影响收藏价值，因此学会正确保养关重要。

　　I would like to know how to "maintain" famous paintings and calligraphy works. As collectibles, paintings and calligraphy works are prone to damage if not properly maintained, which can affect their collectible value. Therefore, learning how to maintain them correctly is crucial.

　　名家书画保管不妥的原因有许多，一般说来因为季节更替产生的温差变化，干湿不匀，阳光紫外线辐射，环境空气尘埃的污染等等，而发生虫蛀、霉变、褪色等现象，使一幅完整的书画作品面目全非，甚失去其艺术价值。

　　There are numerous reasons for the improper preservation of famous paintings and calligraphy works. Generally speaking, these include temperature fluctuations due to seasonal changes, uneven humidity, ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, and pollution from dust in the ambient air. These factors can lead to phenomena such as insect infestation, mold growth, and fading, which can completely alter the appearance of a complete painting or calligraphy work, and even render it devoid of its artistic value.

　　但凡我们能够了解一些书画容易受损的弱点，采取一些有效的防止措施，在一定的程度上延缓书画变旧破损进程，使得书画的寿命延长，能够保存其原貌。

　　By understanding the vulnerabilities of calligraphy and painting works that are prone to damage and adopting effective preventive measures, we can, to a certain extent, slow down the process of deterioration and prolong their lifespan, preserving their original appearance.

　　▌01. 避免强光直射

　　名家书画切记不可挂在太阳光可以直射到的地方，珍贵的收藏品放于木匣中置阴处保存，不要轻易见光。

　　▌01. Avoid direct exposure to strong light

　　It is essential to remember not to hang famous paintings and calligraphy works in places where direct sunlight can reach. Precious collectibles are best kept in a wooden box and stored in a shady place, avoiding exposure to light as much as possible.

　　▌02. 除尘防虫

　　环境污染对书画的损害非常大，定期清理灰尘，避免灰层过多对书画产生影响，保证书画作品的整洁。

　　▌02. Dust removal and pest control

　　Environmental pollution can cause significant damage to calligraphy and painting works. Regularly cleaning the dust to avoid excessive dust layers affecting the works can ensure their cleanliness.

　　在防止书画被虫蛀方面，可用樟脑丸挥发出特殊的气味来防虫，具有较好的驱虫效果。使用时将樟脑药放在收藏书画作品周围。一年之中可以分期放二次，次在34月，第二次可在1011月，这样防虫效果较好。

　　In terms of preventing paintings and calligraphy from being infested by insects, camphor balls can be used to emit a special odor for insect repellent purposes, which has a good insect-repelling effect. When using, place the camphor balls around the stored paintings and calligraphy works. They can be placed twice a year, with the first time in March to April and the second time in October to November, which yields a better insect-repelling effect.

　　▌03. 卷放要得法

　　书画作品长期处于挂展状态时，纸张要承受下垂的拉力和张力，使纸张的强度减弱，所以在挂展一段时间后，应当安排其“休息、调整”。卷放就是使书画处于休息状态，让它恢复原来的拉力和张力。可以将书画作品轮流挂展，以供欣赏。

　　▌03. Proper Rolling and UnrollingWhen calligraphy and painting works are hung on display for a long time, the paper has to endure the sagging and stretching forces, which weakens its strength. Therefore, after being hung on display for a period of time, they should be arranged to "rest and adjust". Rolling and unrolling is to put the calligraphy and painting works in a resting state, allowing them to recover their original tensile and stretching forces. Calligraphy and painting works can be hung on display in rotation for appreciation.

　　▌04. 控温度防潮湿

　　书画作品不论是立轴、屏、对联、手卷、册页，还是扇面、斗方，基本上属纸质品和丝织品两种，两者都含有纤维质，具有吸湿性，故而切不可让字画置于潮湿的地方。

　　▌04. Temperature Control and Moisture Prevention

　　Whether it's a hanging scroll, screen, couplet, hand scroll, album, fan-shaped scroll, or square scroll, calligraphy and painting works are essentially either paper products or silk fabrics. Both contain fiber and are hygroscopic, so it is absolutely imperative not to place them in a damp place.

　　书画保存空间温度应保持在14℃~20℃左右，相对湿度在50~60%。倘若室内相对湿度偏高，容易引起纸张受潮而滋长霉菌，霉菌在潮湿、温暖和黑暗条件下易繁殖。

　　The temperature of the space for storing calligraphy and paintings should be maintained at around 14℃~20℃, with a relative humidity of 50~60%. If the indoor relative humidity is high, it is easy for the paper to become damp and for mold to grow. Mold is most prone to reproduce under humid, warm, and dark conditions.

　　但也不能太干燥，太干燥容易引起字画的翘曲变脆，遇天气过分干燥时，可常用湿墩布拖地，或在房内放盆水。天气潮湿时，尤其在雨季，尽量少开窗户，这样可以使房间的湿度得到相应的控制，一般美术馆博物馆有恒温恒湿的条件。还有一点诀窍，挂书画时不直接贴着墙，卷轴类的跟墙壁有五公分左右的距离。

　　However, it should not be too dry, as excessive dryness can easily cause the calligraphy and paintings to warp and become brittle. When the weather is excessively dry, one can often use a damp mop to mop the floor or place a basin of water in the room. During humid weather, especially during the rainy season, try to open the windows as little as possible, so as to maintain the appropriate humidity level in the room. Generally, art galleries and museums have conditions for maintaining constant temperature and humidity. Another tip is not to hang calligraphy and paintings directly against the wall. For scrolls, it is best to keep them about five centimeters away from the wall.

　　▌05. 书画切记不可碰水

　　书画作品一旦吸水会造成纸张的破损，这样一来会大幅减少书画的价值。

　　▌05. Calligraphy and painting works must not come into contact with water.

　　Once calligraphy and painting works absorb water, it will cause damage to the paper, significantly reducing their value.

　　▌06. 不伤害书画

　　书画保护还应注意欣赏时不要用手指接触画面，展开和收卷时不要将画折坏留下折痕，收藏的书画由于年久会变得较脆容易弄折裂，所以一般不随便动手，收、拿、卷、挂等动作也一定要格外小心，做到轻手轻脚。

　　▌06. Do not damage calligraphy and paintings. When appreciating calligraphy and paintings, one should also be careful not to touch the surface with fingers. When unfolding and rolling, do not crease the painting and leave fold marks. Stored calligraphy and paintings may become brittle and prone to cracking due to age, so one should generally not handle them carelessly. When collecting, holding, rolling, and hanging, one must also be extremely careful and handle with gentleness.

　　▌07. 好装裱收藏久

　　装裱是书画收藏过程中非常重要的一个环节，装裱的质量好坏直接影响到书画的保存寿命。手工装裱可重裱、揭裱和修复，机裱的字画则不能。

　　▌07. Proper mounting for long-term preservation. Mounting is a crucial step in the process of collecting calligraphy and paintings. The quality of the mounting directly impacts the preservation lifespan of the artwork. Hand-mounted works can be re-mounted, unmounted, and restored, whereas machine-mounted calligraphy and paintings cannot.

　　所以手工装裱扮演着非常重要的角色，手工做的浆糊可以让托底的书画平整度好，防虫，更好的传承好书画。

　　Therefore, handmade mounting plays a very important role. The paste made by hand can ensure the flatness of the mounted paintings and calligraphy, prevent insects, and better preserve the excellent Chinese paintings and calligraphy.

　　这也是不二轩书画一直坚持手工装裱的原因所在，虽费时耗力，增加人工成本，但能够保障收藏价值。不二轩书画坚持手工装裱，匠心营造精良书画作品。

　　This is also the reason why Buxuan Gallery has always insisted on handmade mounting for paintings and calligraphy. Although it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and increases labor costs, it can ensure the collectible value. Buxuan Gallery persists in handmade mounting, creating exquisite paintings and calligraphy works with craftsmanship.

　　▌08. 书画受潮如何处理？

　　▌08. How to handle dampness of calligraphy and painting?

　　这个问题很多收藏家都非常好奇，特别是南方比较潮湿的沿海地区，有时难免受潮，万一书画受潮可以这样补救：若在书画表面发现有霉点，可用宣纸轻轻扫除，若不能扫除，就要揭裱，因为霉点会慢慢蚕食书画，对书画的危害很大。

　　Many collectors are very curious about this issue, especially in the humid coastal areas of the south where dampness is unavoidable. If paintings and calligraphy are affected by dampness, the following remedies can be taken: If mold spots are found on the surface of the paintings and calligraphy, they can be gently removed with rice paper. If the mold spots cannot be removed, the paintings and calligraphy must be unmounted, as mold spots will gradually eat away at them, causing great damage to the paintings and calligraphy.

　　但揭裱的工艺又是另外一套复杂的工序，所以为了避免对书画造成伤害，在收藏的过程中要注意防范，防止发霉。

　　However, the process of mounting involves a separate set of intricate steps. Therefore, to avoid causing damage to the calligraphy and painting, it is important to take precautions during the collection process to prevent mold growth.

　　书画拆框揭裱后，如若发现很多水汽，千万不能直接晒太阳，宣纸见太阳会变脆，要慢慢风干。

　　After the calligraphy and painting is unframed and remounted, if a lot of moisture is found, it is absolutely forbidden to expose it directly to the sun. Xuan paper will become brittle when exposed to the sun, and it should be slowly air-dried.

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